Molecular imaging based personalized therapy has been a fascinating concept for individualized therapeutic strategy, which is\nable to attain the highest efficacy and reduce adverse effects in certain patients. Theranostics, which integrates diagnostic testing\nto detect molecular targets for particular therapeutic modalities, is one of the key technologies that contribute to the success of\npersonalized medicine. Although the term ââ?¬Å?theranosticsââ?¬Â was used after the second millennium, its basic principle was applied\nmore than 70 years ago in the field of thyroidology with radioiodine molecular imaging. Differentiated thyroid cancer, which arises\nfrom follicular cells in the thyroid, is the most common endocrine malignancy, and theranostic radioiodine has been successfully\napplied to diagnose and treat differentiated thyroid cancer, the applications of which were included in the guidelines published by\nvarious thyroid or nuclear medicine societies. Through better pathophysiologic understanding of thyroid cancer and advancements\nin nuclear technologies, theranostic radioiodine contributesmore to modern tailored personalized management by providing high\ntherapeutic effect and by avoiding significant adverse effects in differentiated thyroid cancer. This review details the inception\nof theranostic radioiodine and recent radioiodine applications for differentiated thyroid cancer management as a prototype of\npersonalized medicine based on molecular imaging.
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